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Samuel de Clhamplain; 



A SHORT SKETCH 



-BY 



Henry H. Hurlbut. 







^•m 



Samuel de Champlain 

A BRIEF SKETCH 

OF THE 

Eminent Navigator and Discoverer. 



Read before the Chicaco Historical Society, 
TuEsnAV Evening, October 20, 1885, 



BV- 



HENRY H;«URLBUT. 



A PORTRAIT OF THE GREAT EXPLORER, 

painted by 

Miss Harriet P. Hurlbut, 

Was on this occasion Presented in her name to the Society. 



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C H I C A Cx O : 

FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY. 

1885. 



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Historical Society Rooms, 
Chicago, October 22, 1885. 
Dear Miss Hurmjut: 

I have the honor to infoim you that at a (Quarterly Meeting of the 
Chicago Historical Society, held on the 20th inst., on motion of Hon. Mark 
Skinner the thanks of the Society were unanimously tendered to you for the 
excellent and valuable portrait of Samuel de Champlain you so generously 

presented to the Society. 

\"ery respectfully, 

Albert D. Hager, 
Miss Harriet P. HuRLiiur, Chicago. Secretary. 



The thanks of the Historical Society were also given to Mr. Hurlbut for 
the Paper read by him on evening of October 20, 1885. 



Samuel de Champlain. 



Mr. President and Members of the Historical SocietV, 
Ladies A ndGentle MEN: 

FROM the enlarged notes of a work now in preparation 
by myself and intended for publication, to be entitled 
" Our Inland Seas and Early Lake Navigation," I will, with 
your leave, read a sketch, or rather an imperfect outline 
portrayal, of the movements in the life of the first white 
man who came within the basin of the great American 
Lakes; the first European, I may say, that saw and navi- 
gated not only the small yet storied body of water drained 
by the Sorel, but that of Lake Ontario; and who, further- 
more, was the first who looked upon the face of Lake Huron. 
I need not suggest that there is an evident propriety for the 
Historical Society of the greatest City of the Lakes to pay 
at least some tribute to the memory of our earliest explorer,, 
who passed over the waters of Lake Ontario more than sixty 
years before LaSalle built Fort Frontenac by its banks, and 
more than a quarter of a century before either Joliet or 
Marquette, the first-known white men at Chicago, were born. 
I speak of Samuel de Champlain. 

Though James Cartier, in 1535, passed up the St. Law- 
rence River as far as the Island of Hochelaga, to which he 
gave the name of Monte Royal, yet singular as it seems, he 
nor any other European, as far as we know, never reached 
any of our great Lakes for three-fourths of a century suc- 
ceed in"'. 



6 SAMUEL DE CHAM PLAIN. 

Samuel de Champlain was the son of Antoine de Cham- 
plain (a captain in the French marine), and the maiden name 
of his mother was Marguerite Leroy; he was born in the 
village of Biouage, in the ancient Province of Saintonge, 
about the year 1567. Little is known of the boyhood days 
of Champlain; his home-village was a fortified town, and its 
harbor, available for large ships, was called one of the best 
in France. Not only was Brouage a post of some military 
importance, but it was the manufacturing centre and port of 
shipment of a large trade in salt; and these were the two 
great interests of the people in citadel and seaport of the 
busy Brouage. 

During many years of Champlain's earl}' life, Brouage was 
the occasion of frequent struggles of contending parties for 
its possession, (i'lring the civil wars of the time. While these 
vicissitudes nui>t have been perplexing to close study in 
school, and while Champlain's school education was no doubt 
limited, there was yet a discipline in that misfortune, and his 
active habits ami excellent common-sense led him to educate 
himself 

It was no slight good fortune for Champlain that he often 
came in contact with men of high character, connected with 
the military and commercial departments of Brouage. It is 
supposed that he paid considerable attention to the study 
and practice of drawing, as his after-eftbrts in that line were, 
and are still, of no little interest and value. 

Early in the year 1599, he was in command of a large 
French ship, chartered by the Spanish government for a voy- 
age to the \\\ -.t Indies. Just pre\"iousl}', howev^er, he had 
been connected with the French arm}- as quartermaster for 
several years. \-et still before that he must have had practical 
experience in navigation; indeed he acknowledged the fact, 



SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. 7 

for he has confessed the fascination which attracted his early 
hfe to that employment. In the Spanish voyage referred to, 
including not merely a view of various West-India Islands 
and important ports, but casting his anchor in the roadstead 
of San Juan d'Ulloa (then as today the island castle and 
defence of Vera Cruz), he visited not merely Forto Bello on 
the Isthmus, by a native sail-boat, but from Vera Cruz he 
passed into the interior, spending a month at the City of 
Mexico. 

This voyage embraced a period of somewhat over two 
years, and in it Champlain carried out a purpose of his own, 
which was to make extended notes and drawings of whatever 
seemed worth his observation; not for his own gratification 
merely, but for use and aid to the French government. It 
was Champlain that made the first suggestion of the bene- 
fits to be derived from a ship-canal across the Isthmus of 
Panama. 

It is understood that after an able connnunication by 
Champlain to his own government,''^ regarding matters and 
things coming within his notice in the Spanish possessions of 
America, he was honored not only with the gift of a pension 
from the French king, Henry IV., but it is believed that from 
the same source there was also conferred upon him a patent 
of nobility. 

In March, 1603, Champlain first sailed, for northern 
America, having joined the expedition under Pont Grave, 
which had been organized by Gov. Aymer de Chastes. The 
fleet consisted of two barques of small size, accompanied by 

* The full and illustrated account of that voyage to Spanish America by 
Champlain continued in manuscript more than two centuries and a half, but 
in 1859, after an English translation, it was printed in London l)y the Hakluyt 
Society. 



8 SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. 

one or more craft of still less burthen, and arrived in the 
St. Lawrence River at a place called Tadoussac, at the mouth 
of Saguenay River. 

I wish to make here a slight digression, and say that we 
have no authentic knowledge of an earlier people who dwelt 
by or navigated our great lakes and their tributary or neigh- 
boring waters, than various tribes of our North-American 
Indians. These Indians, we are to presume, were the in- 
ventors and from time immemorial have been the manufact- 
urers of that famous and historic little craft, the birch-bark 
canoe. The first description which we have of this canoe 
appears identical with that manufactured by our northern 
Indians of today. Though no long distances very far from 
shore were often attempted, the ability of this canoe when 
well managed, even in a pretty rough sea, is not slight. 

The Indian canoes of the old fur-companies were usually 
large, of some four or five tons burthen. How many cen- 
turies previously they may have been in use we have no 
means of telling, yet two hundred and eighty-two years ago, 
in 1603, Champlain met them at the Saguenay, and which he 
afterward spoke of as "from eight to nine paces long, and 
about a pace or pace and a-half broad in the middle, grow- 
ing narrower toward the two ends." "They are apt," said 
he, "to turn over, in case one does not understand managing 
them, and are made of birch bark, strengthened on the 
inside by little ribs of white cedar, very neatly arranged; 
they are so light that a man can easily carry one." Said 
Gouverneur Morris: "Among the curiosities of newly-dis- 
covered America was the Indian canoe. Its slender and ele- 
gant form, its rapid movement, its capacity to bear burdens 
and resist the rage of the billows and torrents, excited no 
small degree of admiration for the skill by which it was con- 



SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. 9 

structed." The Chippewas call it che-maun, and it was this 
same sort of vessel in which Champlain passed into lakes 
Champlain, Huron, and Ontario; the same in which Joliet 
and Marquette voyaged down the Mississippi, the same in 
which, differing as I must from the opinion of our worthy 
secretary, they navigated the Chicago. The Society, it is 
noticed, has a small specimen of this canoe. 

After looking a few miles up the Saguenay, Grave and 
and Champlain, in a light boat, ascended the St. Lawrence 
as far as the Falls of St. Louis, now called the Lachine 
Rapids, and by the way going a short distance on what they 
called the River of the Iroquois, now known as the Sorel or 
Richelieu. Unable to pass the rapids in their boat, they 
returned to their vessels at the outlet of the Saguena}'. 

Upon this first visit of Champlain to the St. Lawrence, he 
questioned the Indians about the river and waters above and 
beyond what he had seen; in a manner, imperfectly however, 
they told of the Rapids of the upper St. Lawrence, Lake 
Ontario, the Falls of Niagara, Lake Frie, and the Strait of 
Detroit. Of anything beyond they professed no knowledge. 
In the month of September of that year, 1603, Grave and 
Champlain reached France. Champlain now learned that 
his friend de Chastes had died in his absence; he exhibited 
to his sovereign, however, a map which he had drawn of the 
region he had visited, together with an account of what he 
had learned. 

In 1604, two vessels left France, having Champlain on 
board one of them ; a new expedition for colonial settlement 
in America, north of latitude 40°, N., having been organized 
by Sieur de Monts. Arriving in America, and passing a 
severe winter at a temporary station, Champlain after thor- 
oughly exploring the coasts of New England, New Bruns- 



lO SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. 

wick, and Nova Scotia, and after three years absence, reached 
France in 1607, where he spent the succeeding winter. 

Champlain is distinguished for his surve\' of the New- 
England coast, extending also to the northern limits of Nova 
Scotia. While other explorers made but slight examina- 
tions, imperfectly described, his account is thorough, and, 
furthermore, is illustrated by drawings of the seashore, rivers,, 
harbors, etc. 

Again Champlain had reached the St. Lawrence, in June,. 
1608, and while a barque was being constructed, he explored 
the Saguenay and also the St. Lawrence, and where at the 
site of a future city, then called Quebec — an Algonkin word, 
meaning a narrowing — he was impressed with its peculiar 
attractions, and decided to commence a settlement there at 
once. The decision was followed directly by the felling of 
trees and the erection of buildings. Fortunately, a few days 
after their arrival there, it was revealed to Champlain that a 
plan was about perfected among a number of the men to 
assassinate not only him but others also, and then conduct 
matters as they might choose. By a cautious and prompt 
movement, however, four of the ringleaders were ^placed in 
irons, and, after a trial, one was hanged and the others sent 
to France for further treatment. 

One of the vessels sailed for France in September, but 
Champlain remained to spend the winter with the little 
colony at Quebec. That winter, however, was one of sick- 
ness and death ; from an exclusively salt diet . they were 
attacked with the scurvy, and twenty out of the twenty- 
eight had died before winter had disappeared. Of the 
Indians in the neighborhood also, many died from starvation, 
for Champlain could only, from his limited supplies, afford 
slight relief. But spring at length succeeded that winter of 



SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. II 

death, and in June, Grave again appeared with a vessel in 
the St. Lawrence. 

Champlain now prepared to carry out his plans for explor- 
ing the interior. A fierce war was then existing between the 
Algonkin tribes of the north and the great Iroquois confed- 
eracy of the region now called New York. It was proposed 
to Champlain by the Indians, in consideration of services to 
be rendered him in his travels as guides, interpreters, and 
canoe-men, that he should aid them in their battles with 
their enemies, the Iroquois. To this he consented. 

Whether or not it was wise for Champlain to conclude 
such a treaty with his newly-found red friends may at least 
be questioned. I dp not, however, believe with Mr. George 
Geddes that " but for the mistake of Champlain, and the 
unwise treatment of the Five Nations that followed, the gov- 
errfment of the continent would have fallen to the French 
rather than to the English." Yet the consequences resulting 
from the acceptance and ratification of the agreement referred 
to, for more- than a century and a half involved a multitude 
of gory witnesses; it was a most unfortunate precedent, too 
readily copied. Torture, human blood, and human scalps 
were the seals of the cruel strife, of which instances by the 
hundred might be quoted. The governments of France and 
Great Britain in their contests for dominion helped onward 
the red-handed crime. 

America, after breaking loose from the crown of Great 
Britain, fell heir to the miseries of the system referred to. 
In the words of DeWitt Clinton, "The whole confederacy, 
except a little more than half of the Oneidas, hung like the 
scythe of death upon the rear of our settlements, and their 
deeds are inscribed with the scalping-knife and the tomahawk 
in characters of blood on the fields of Wyoming and Cherry 
Valley, and on the banks of the Mohawk." 



12 SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. 

I need not recite particulars of Champlain's tour of that 
year, 1609, accompanying his Indian friends upon a war 
excursion against their enemies, the Iroquois, farther than to 
say that he then discovered the lake since called after him; 
and if, as he seems to have acknowledged, he then introduced 
to the acquaintance of the Indians of the great Iroquois 
league the fatal effects of firearms, by killing three of their 
chiefs, it was not the most unfortunate first salutation of a 
deadly agent which came to the red men. That same year 
of 1609, Henry Iludson sailed up the river which received 
his name. On that occasion, the renowned yet baneful fire- 
water was pressed upon the notice of the savages. Of the 
two Satanic inventions, gunpowder and whiskey, the last, with 
its numerously-named congeners, is reasonably believed to 
have been the most destructive. 

Returning to Quebec, Champlain sailed with Grave for 
France, arriving out in October. Again in April of the fol- 
lowing year, 1610, he reached the mouth of the Saguenay. 
He found his Indian allies had in view another expedition 
against the Iroquois, and they again desired his assistance. 
I may say .that they accordingly attacked a party of the 
enemy, who were located near the mouth of the Sorel; and, 
as in the previously-named battle, came off victors. 

Hearing of the assassination of King Henry IV., with 
other unwelcome news from over the sea, Champlain left for 
France, arriving there in September, 1610. During this visit 
a contract was made by Champlain with the parents of 
Helene Boule, for his marriage with their daughter; the 
nuptials, however, were not to take place under two years. 
They were afterward married, and she accompanied him to 
■Quebec some years later. 

In the year 161 1, he visited the St. Lawrence, but returned 



SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. 1 3 

in the autumn of that year. In March, 1613, he again sailed 
from France, and arrived at Tadoussac in April. A tour up 
the Ottawa River was soon undertaken by Champlain. The 
purpose of this expedition was, in great part, to ascertain if 
there might be found a channel and shorter way to the 
Pacific and the famed Cathay. Some reports which had 
been told to Champlain led to strengthen his belief in and 
to look for such a passage. Champlain, after a journey of 
some two hundred miles from the St. Lawrence, up the chan- 
nel and over the portages around the numerous falls of the 
Ottawa, reached Allumette Island in that river. Here Cham- 
plain raised a cross of cedar, to which he attached the arms 
of France; not succeeding, however, in the main purpose of 
his journey. Returning, he embarked for France the same 
year, and where he remained through the year 1614, making 
plans for the success of his colony. 

He was particularly impressed with the importance of 
establishing "the Christian faith in the wilds of America." 
By his efforts, four Franciscan friars were secured for such a 
mission, who embarked with himself for America in the 
spring of 1615. One of them, Joseph LeCaron, was ap- 
pointed to the distant Wyandotte or Huron tribe of Indians, 
and set out with great bravery, knowing nothing as he did 
of those Indians or of the country where they dwelt. Cham- 
plain also soon left for the westward, for an expedition had 
been already planned by the Indians to invade the country 
of the Iroquois, and the power of Champlain and the deadly 
arquebus was needed to accompany them to their enemy's 
stronghold south of Lake Ontario. 

Going up the Ottawa, Champlain took a roundabout way 
to reach Central New York, but he was piloted by the 
Indians, who doubtless had an axe or rather a tomahawk of 



14 SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. 

some kind to grind, and so they led him to their place of 
abode. A part of the route up the Ottawa Champlain had 
traveled before; now, still farther, he passed via Lake Nepis- 
sing and French River into the Georgian Bay of Lake Huron. 
This course by the Ottawa was the old canoe-route of after- 
years, the route of the fur-trader's goods from Montreal to 
Mackinac and the upper lakes. But if it was the shortest 
channel to the Northwest, it was yet a hard, back-breaking 
road to travel; its numerous uprising portages and rough 
paths, which none but the famed and hardy Canadian voya- 
geurs, those toiling, yet uncomplaining and merry courier des 
bois, would endure, each carrying the ninety pounds of pack, 
box, or cask, whenever the vessel and cargo must take to 
the land. 

When the canoe of Champlain pushed into Lake Huron 
it was the farthest point westward yet visited by any white 
man within the basin of the Great Lakes. The statement in 
several historical works of Michigan, that Champlain or any 
other European visited the site of Detroit before that date, 
July, 1615, is certainly an error. The priest LeCaronwas a 
few days earlier than Champlain in the neighborhood of Lake 
Huron, at a large Indian village, but that was not by the 
lake, and we are not advised that he came within sight of it. 
From the vicinity of the north-east shore of Lake Huron, 
with only a portion of the force of savages expected to com- 
prise the invading army, Champlain now passed by way of 
Lake Simcoe and various small lakes, the River Trent, and 
Bay of Ouinte; and whether he went out above or below the 
Isle of Tonti, the name of which has been stupidly changed 
to Amherst Island, he, the first of white men, now glided 
over the waters of Lake Ontario. 

Coasting along the east shore in part and partly on foot 



SAMUEL DK CHAMPLAIN. I 5 

upon the sandy beach of the lake, and after secreting their 
canoes in the woods near the shore, the invaders struck into 
the forest, and went southward from some point in the pres- 
ent county of Oswego, N.Y. Whether the fortress sought 
was at Onondaga Lake, as beheved by the late Hon. O. H. 
Marshall, or upon a pond in the county of Madison, as con- 
fidentially urged by Gen. Clark, the post of the enemy was 
reached in due time, and the siege of a rather uncommonly 
strong Indian stockade began. After considerable time spent 
in the investment, and some hours of fierce contest, the 
attacking Indians lost their patience, and concluded to aban- 
don the enterprise. Champlain had endeavored to direct 
and guide them in the attack, but the thing was impossible; 
they were an unmanageable, boisterous crowd of ruffians, 
with no purpose, it would seem, beyond the gratification of 
cruelty and revenge. 

However interesting this marauding adventure may be con- 
sidered as a matter of history, and though the invading 
Indians, with Champlain's assistance, had suff"ered much less 
than the besieged, it was a bootless expedition. The fortress 
was not taken, and Champlain was wounded in the leg. 

The retreating army now returned to the outlet of Lake 
Ontario; but the Indians were unwilling to give Champlain 
an escort down the St. Lawrence, and the result was he was 
obliged to follow them to the interior and pass a winter in 
their wigwams. It was summer in the following year, 1616, 
before Champlain, who was accompanied by the missionary 
LeCaron, reached Quebec, where they found Grave from over 
the sea, and with whom they embarked for France in the 
month of July. In 1 61 7, and also in 1618, Champlain visited 
New France, but returned to the fatherland each of those 
years. He desired something more for his country than a 



l6 - SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. 

mere trading-post on the St. Lawrence. To quote the words 
of Rev. Edmund F. Slafter: "He was anxious to elevate the- 
meagre factory at Quebec into the dignity of a colonial plan- 
tation." "'^ Without doubt he had to struggle with the avarice 
of a company which cared little for New France beyond its 
own profits in furs. But Champlain enlisted official aid, and 
by government appointment was made lieutenant of the vice- 
roy of New France, which last-named dignitary was the Duke 
de Montmorenci, high admiral of France. 

Champlain sailed for America, accompanied by his wife, in 
1620. His time was now occupied at Quebec during the 
four ensuing years, energetically attending to the building of 
various structures and other duties; yet we learn that he had 
to endure not a few annoyances and discouragements. 

In 1624, with his wife he sailed for France, arriving there 
in October. In April, 1626, he again left France for the 
St. Lawrence. This was his eleventh voyage across the 
Atlantic to this river, besides one to the coast of New 
England. 

A new association in place of the former company was 
organized by the Cardinal Richelieu, the able prime-minister 
of France, a friend of Champlain. The prospect to Cham- 
plain seemed now more promising for his great purpose of 
French colonization. Hitherto as a colony his settlement 
had not prospered. We are told that at no time had its 
numbers exceeded fifty persons; and what seems strange, so 
unlike our own prairie pioneers, that for a period of twenty 
years but one family of the colony attempted to gain a living 
by cultivating the soil. 

* To Rev. Edmund F. Slafter I am indebted for many facts used in this 
Paper, found in his Comprehensive Memoir of Champlain, published in the 
Prince Society papers. . . .^ „ 



SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. I J 

I do not agree with Mr. DeCosta, that " but for a head- 
wind when off Cape Cod, sailing- southward in 1605, Cham- 
plain might have reached the Hudson, and instead of plant- 
ing Port Royal in Nova Scotia, he might have established its 
foundations on Manhattan Island, and that this would have 
made the greatest city in America a French city." 

But I will here take the occasion, parenthetically, to make 
the query, ii/iy it was that French colonization in America 
has been comparatively a failure .'' May the answer be given 
that it is a national characteristic to be averse to becoming 
agricultural pioneers ? Or may it have been occasioned by 
the restrictive laws and feudal tenure which came with them 
from the fatherland .'' Else was it, as some claim, the result 
of superstitious and bigoted religious teaching, hampering 
the freedom of mind and person .■' 

Quebec was founded in 1608, and New France had the 
opportunity of more than one hundred and fifty years before 
it finally resigned in favor of Great Britain. A hundred and 
fifty years from the settlement of New Plymouth had fitted 
the descendants of those settlers for self-government and the 
opening drama of the Revolution. 

We believe that Champlain and other French explorers 
were men of broad, practical views, and their plans, embrac- 
ing the settlement of the vast and fertile basin of the great 
Lakes and valleys of the St.. Lawrence and Mississippi, may 
certainly be termed grand; yet the genius of the French 
nation, indeed of any Latin nation, was not fitted to the 
task. Sterile New England was peopled by another race. 

The remaining i^ew years in the life of Champlain may be 
briefly alluded to : War had broken out between France and 
Great Britain, and a British fleet appeared in the St. Law- 
rence in 1628; but it was not until July of the following year 



l8 SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN. 

that serious demonstration was made against the post of 
Quebec, which was then obUged to surrender to a British 
force. Champlain was taken to England, but as a peace had 
been arranged even before Quebec had been taken, he was 
allowed to go to France, and Quebec was restored to French 
rule. 

In March, 1633, Champlain made his last departure from 
France, being again appointed governor; and he arrived at 
Quebec in May. He was greeted with demonstrations of 
great affection, for he was much beloved by his people. In 
the fort at Quebec, December 25, 1635, after an illness of 
several months, Champlain died. Somewhere within what 
is now the court-yard of Quebec post-office his remains lie 
buried; this much has been satisfactorily proven, yet the 
exact spot is unknown. It does not appear that Champlain 
had children. His widow entered a convent, and afterward 
founded a religious institution in which she herself subse- 
quently entered as a nun. She died in 1654. 

We will close this meagre sketch b\' quoting the following 
from the Rev. Mr. Slafter, regarding the eminent explorer: 

"He was wise, modest, and judicious in council; prompt, 
vigorous, and practical in administration; simple and frugal 
in his mode of life; persistent and unyielding in the execu- 
tion of his plans; brave and valient in danger; unselfish, 
honest, and conscientious in the discharge of duty." 

[The portrait of Champlain was here unveiled.] 

It would have been rather a singular circumstance, at the 
time of the landing of the early settlers of New England, 
for one of their number, one of the Puritans or Pilgrims, to 
have volunteered to memorize as praiseworthy the name of 
any prominent personage connected with the Roman Catholic 



SAMUEL UE CHAMPLAIN. I9 

Church; but some things seem to have changed, and we 
trust somewhat improved since that day, and here this even- 
ing is a painted portrait of the distinguished navigator of 
whom I have spoken, copied by a native of the west coast 
of Lake Michigan, a protestant daughter of the eighth gen- 
eration, in direct descent from Prisciila of the Mayflower, 
who is rather a prominent figure in Longfellow's poem, "The 
Courtship of Miles Standish," and who, in December, 1620, 
left the cabin of the famous vessel just named, and stepped 

* " On the wild New-England shore." 

We shall not soon forget that the Pilgrims arrived in 1620, 
but it is well also to remember that Champlain with his 
vessel spent a day in Plymouth harbor fifteen years before. 

This painting, intended as a copy of one of the engraved 
portraits of Champlain by Moncornet, as it appears in a 
volume of the Prince Society publications, together with the 
frame enclosing it (which frame is not altogether without a 
story, as may be seen on page 80 of the volume known as 
" Chicago Antiquities "), I beg to present to the Chicago 
Historical Society in behalf of Miss Harriet P. Hurlbut. 



CHICAGO: 

FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY. 



CHICAGO ANTIQUITIES: 

COMPRISING 
ORIGINAL ITEMS AND RELATIONS, LETTERS, EXTRACTS, AND NOTES 



PERTAINING TO 



EARLY CHICAGO; 



EMBELLISHED WITH 



VIEWS, PORTRAITS, AUTOGRAPHS, ETC. 



HENRY H. HURLBUT. 



It is the most complete history yet written of early Chicago; * * * 
the book will be found of abounding interest, not only to the old settlers and 
their descendants, but to the larger class of modern Chicagoans, who equally 
love and believe in its present and prospective greatness. — Chicago Infer Otrdii. 



This volume will be sent, express charges paid, to those who may 
order it. Price, $7.50, C. O.D. Address 

Miss HATTIE P. HURLBUT, 

44 South Ann Street, Chicago, 111. 




^c-^^'^^- 



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12. — Illinois in the 18th Century. Kaskaskia and its Parish Re- 
cords; Old Fort Chartres; Col. John Todd's Record Book. 
Read liefoie the Chicago Hist. Soc. By Edw. G. Mason, Esq., 50 
13. — Recollections of Early Illinois. By Hon. Joseph Gillespie, 50 
14. — The Earliest Religious History of Chicago; Early History of 
Illinois; Early Society in Southern Illinois; Reminis- 
cences of the Illinois Bar Forty Years Ago; First Mur- 
der Trial in Iroquois Co. for the First Murder in Cook Co. 50 
Lincoln, by Hon. I. N. Arnold; Douglas, by Jas. W. Sheahan, Esq. 25 
Early Chicago — Fort Dearborn. By John Wentworth, LL. D., 75 
William B. Ogden; and Early Days. By Hon. I. N. Arnold, 40 
Chicago River-and-Harbor Convention, July, 1847. Compiled, r.oo 
Reminiscences of Early Chicago. By Charles Cleaver, Esq., 25 
•A Winter in the West. By C. Fenno Hoffman, Esq. Portrait, 50 
John Dean Caton, LL. 1)., ex-Chief -Justice of 111., Sketch of, 25 
22 — Early Chicago and the Illinois Bar, by Hon. L N. Arnold; Early 
Bench and Bar of Central Illinois, by Hon. Jas. C. Conkling of 
Springfield, 111. ; The Lawyer as a Pioneer, by Hon. Thomas 
Hoyne. Part I. loS p.; 8vo., 75 Royal 8vo. (Bar- Ass. Ed.), i.oo 
23 — Early Illinois Railroads. By Wm. K. Ackerman, etc. i.oo 
24. — Hon. John Wentworth's Congressional Reminiscences. 75 
25. — Chicago Business Directory for 1846. By J. \V. Norris, etc., 50 
26. — Aborigines of the Ohio Valley. By Wm. II. Harrison, Pres't U. S. 
Notes by Edw. Everett. Speeches delivered at Ft. Wayne, Sept. 
4, '11, by Indian chiefs; also, Manners and Customs of N.-W. 
Indians, from I\1SS. supposed to be written by Capt. Wm. Wells. 50 
27. — The Indians of Illinois and Indiana. By H. W. Beckwith, 50 
28. — Chicago Directory, 1843. Revised and corrected, etc. /;/ Press. 1.00 



Reception to the Settlers of Chicago — prior to 1840, by the Calumet 

Clul), May 27, 1879. Compiled by Hon. John Wentworth, 50 
My Own Times. By John Reynolds, late (lov. of Illinois, etc. Portrait. 7.50 
Pioneer History of Illinois. P>y Gov. John Reynolds. /;/ Press. 5.00 
Martyrdom of ( \i. P. ) Lovejoy ; the Life, Trials, etc. By Henry Tanner. 2. 00 
English Settlement in Edwards Co., 111. By Geo. Flower. Portraits. 5.00 
Sketch of Enoch Long, an Illmois Pioneer. Portrait. 2.00 

Tne Edwards Papers. Portraits of Gov. N. Edwards and Daniel P. 
Cook, and 20 fac-siniile (lithographed) letters. Edited by Hon. 
E. B. Washburne. Cloth, 8vo., 634 pp. 1884. 6.00 

Any of the above books sent by mail to any part of the U. S., postpaid, on receipt of price 
by the publishers. 

Nov. 20th, 1885. Fei*g,-iiw Pi'iiitiiig- Co., Cliioagyo. 



